Antioxidants compounds

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can donate one or more electrons to free radicals, so that free radicals can be muted (Suhartono, 2002). Antioxidants are compounds capable of removing, cleaning, resist the formation of or incorporate the effects of reactive oxygen species (Ocean, 1997).  The use of anti-radical antioxidant compounds also currently expanding with greater community understanding of its role in inhibiting of degenerative diseases such as heart disease, arteriosclerosis, cancer and aging symptoms. These problems are related to the ability of antioxidants to work as an inhibitor (inhibitors) oxidation by reactive free radicals which became one of the originator of the above diseases (Tahir et al, 2003). Based on the acquisition there are two kinds of sources of antioxidants, natural antioxidants and antioxidant that is artificial (Dalimartha and Soedibyo, 1999). Antioxidants in food may come from the group consisting of one or more components of food, a substance formed from the reaction during the processing of food additives or a special isolated from natural sources and added to the foodstuff.  The existence of natural and synthetic antioxidants to inhibit lipid oxidation, prevent damage, alteration and degradation of organic components in food so as to prolong shelf life (Rohdiana, 2001).Natural antioxidants can protect the body against damage caused by reactive oxygen species, capable of inhibiting the occurrence of degenerative diseases and is able to inhibit lipid peroksidae on food.   The growing interest for natural antioxidants occurred in recent years. Natural antioxidants generally have hydroxy groups in its molecular structure (Sunarni, 2005).  The main function of antioxidants is used to minimize oxidation of fats and oils, to minimize the occurrence of damage processes in the food, extending the life of the food industry, improving the stability of fat contained in food and prevent the loss of sensory and nutritional quality. Lipid peroxidation is one of the factors involved in considerable damage during storage and food processing (Hernani and Raharjo, 2005). Antioxidants are not only used in the pharmaceutical industry, but also used extensively in the food industry, petroleum industry, rubber industry and so on (Tahir et al, 2003).

BEVERAGES

Also commonly referred to as the usual drinks or drinks served dibar. Broadly speaking, the beverage was divided into two categories, namely: Non-alcoholic Beverage and Alcoholic beverage. 

NON alcoholic BEVERGAES 

This type of beverages do not contain alcohol, these drinks kategory there are several kinds of ,include: 

1. Mineral Water 

Mineral water is water that contains minerals and derived from the soil (earth). As an example is the Aqua, Evian, Perrier and others. 

2. Artificial Mineral Water 

Artificial Mineral Water is a beverage that contains no alcohol which made similar / resembling the properties of mineral water and is usually given a certain fragrance ingredients and preserved with the use of CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide). 

Type of beverage is still classified as: 

a. Soda Water 

This drink is from the Basic Water Artifial other ingredients for the beverage is airmineral, and given the CO₂. example: Schweppes, ZODA, F & N and others. 

b. Cola 

This type of beverage material is made of water, sugar, cinnamon, chocolate and so on, and then preserved with CO₂. example is Coca Cola.

c. Ginger Ale 

This type of beverage ingredients dalah water, sugar with the scent of ginger and preserved by CO₂ Examples are Schwppes Ginger Ale. 

d. Tonic Water 

Materials of this drink is water, sugar and quinine was then preserved with CO₂.Example: Schweepstonic water, Canda Dry. 

e. Seven Up 

Materials of this drink is water, sugar, quinine and lemon extract example is the Sprite / 7 up. 

3. Juices 

Juices are beverages produced from fruit juices in a way to blackmail him. Juice is commonly sold are: Mango, Guava, Pineapple, Tomato, Lemon and others. 

4. Squash 

This drink is a mixture of soda water with juice diatambah with simple syrup. For example, Lemon Squash, Orange Squash, and so forth. 

5. Syrup 

Syrup is a viscous liquid / solid and very high sugar yield.This syrup is produced from sugar melted with certain comparisons and sometimes blended with other flavors.such lechee, banana, strawberry and others. The function of this syrup is to make mix drinks. syrup samples are usually consumed was grenadine, simple syrup, strawberry syrup and lechee. 

Alcoholic BEVERAGES 

Alcholic beverages are drinks containing alcohol, alcohol is approximately 1 / 2% to 75%. 

Alcohol is a liquid that is obtained by / fermentation process of sugar melted. Alcoholic beverages are very many kinds, is very much a process of manufacture, which is usually made by local tradition in which the drink is made. 

As for the types of alcoholic beverages, namely: 

1. Beer 

Beer is the alcoholic beverage fermented malt grain, cereals and given the aroma / flavor hops. 

Various kinds of beer: 

a. Light Beer 

Beer alcohol content is 2-4%. Cereal made with basic ingredients and barley flour. 

b. Ale 

This species has a higher alcohol content of this type of light. Use more hops. The color is darker. Basic ingredients and aromatic malt cereal 

c. Lager 

Lager is a type of beer that is stored for longer. 

d. Stout 

alcohol content of wine types is quite high and it ranged advance of 14%, dark color, so the many who calls this beer is a dark beer. Materials essentially aromatic with lots of hops and malt are colored with caramel. 

Some well-known brand Beer: 

Indonesia: Bintang, Anker 

Philippines: San Miguel 

Singapore: Tiger, Anchor 

Japan: Kirin, Asahi 

Australia: Foster, Swan 

nerw Zealand: Leopard 

Neteherland: Heineken 

Germany: Beck's, Houston, 

Denmark: Carlsberg 

U.K. : Guinness 

U.S.A. : Budwiser, Michelob 

Beer served cold. Serving temperature ranges between  6⁰C - 10⁰C. Best temperature is 8⁰C

2. Wine 

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grape juice (grape) made in accordance with the traditions of the area where the wine was made. Wine is very rapid progress, for the first time made with grape juice but now the wine has been in the mix with other fruit flavors such as, lechee, peach, strawberry, blackberry, etc.. 

Wine now also has a lot of that stuff is not made with grape juice alone, but with other fruit juices such as banana (banana), Mango (mango), etc.., The basic income disuatu fruit regions or countries. 

Wine Classification 

a. According to the alcohol content (Manufacturing process) wine is divided into: 

Natural Wine 

Sparkling Wine 

Portified Wine 

Aromatic Wine 

b. According to color,: 

White Wine 

Rose Wine 

Red Wine 

c. According to It (sugar content) 

Brut or Nature (Very Dry) 

Extra Sec (Extra Dry) 

Sec / Dry (Medium Sweet) 

Demi Sec (Quite Sweet) 

Doux (Very Sweet) 

d. According to its function (usefulness) 

Aperitif Wine (Beverage Opener) 

Dinner Wine (Wine broadcaster to eat) 

Dessert Wine (Wine for dessert / sweet) 

Sparkling Wine 

e. According to the aroma / Flavornya 

Light bodied 

Medium bodied 

Full bodied 

The author discusses the wine until the wine here because the subject is quite vast, the authors will try to write back diartikel specific about the other wines. 

3. Spirit 

Spirit is the alcoholic beverage obtained by distillation (distillation). But make no mistake before destillasi first performed the fermentation and then distilled 

Materials to make the spirits are; 

Grains / cereals 

Agave / Cactus 

Sugar cane / sugar cane 

Fruits / fruit. 

 Broadly speaking, the spirit is divided into 2 (two), namely; 

Dry Spirit (liquor) are alcoholic beverages that have a higher alcohol content than the sugar content. An example is the Whiskey (Jim Beam, Chivas Regal, Jack Daniel's, etc.) 

Sweet Spirit (Liqeur) are alcoholic beverages that have a higher sugar content than on the alcohol content.Examples are Grandmarnnier / Orange Liqeur, Kahlua / Coffee Liqeur etc.. 

TYPES OF SPIRITS 

Whiskey 

Vodka 

Gin 

Rum 

Tequila 

Bitter 

Cognac / Brandy 

The author will try to discuss the spirit of the above explanation of each along with examples. 

Whiskey 

Ways of making whiskey is as follows: 

"Grain / flour fermented grain, resulting in an alcoholic liquid. This liquid is distilled / distillation, yielding pure whiskey is often referred to as pure whiskey or straight whiskey." 

Straight whiskey is referred also translucent color or no color (colorless). 

To make a color on the whiskey there are two ways, namely by giving the color of caramel, the sugar to burnt. and that both types of blended whiskey, that is by aging or stored whiskey in oak barrels for a period of time. 

Bottled in Bond is a term in the trade of whiskey or other drinks, which means that the drink before trading / market, first stored and bottled by government oversight .. 

Based on the producing countries whiskey, whiskey categorized into four namely: 

- American Whiskey (Bourbon Whiskey). 

- Scoth Whiskey. 

- Irish Whiskey. 

- Canadian Whiskey. 

"American Whiskey" 

American Whiskey made from grains. Grains are various kinds, for example, corn, Wheat, Rye dlsbnya. 

There are three categories of American Whiskey, which is straight, and Light Blended whiskey. 

Straight Whiskey is a whiskey made from at least 51% of grains. 

Blended Whiskey is a blend of several types of distillation, at least 20% straight whiskey, grain neutral spirit can rest, grain spirits or light whiskeys example is Seagram's 7 Crown. 

Light whiskey Whiskey is distilled to yield results of 160% alcohol at the time put into oak barrels for diumurkan (aging). Light whiskey is usually used for the manufacture of whiskey mixture. 

Examples of American Whiskey produced; Jim Beam, Jack Daniel, Segram's 7 Crown. 

"Scoth Whiskey" 

Scoth Whiskey is a whiskey that is produced from the State of Scotland. 

In a country of Scotland / Scotland there are four areas that produce whiskey, namely: Highlands, Lowlands, Campbeltown and Islay. 

Scoth Whiskey is made from barley grain species, which grow there, although barley is now to be imported from other countries. 

There are three categories of Scoth Whiskey namely: 

Scoth Blended whiskey is made from a mixture of basic ingredients barley and corn 

Pure Malt Whiskey Scoth type Scoth is made with only barley malt base. 

Light Scoth Scoth Whiskey is a type that has a light scent (light-light bodied flavor), because the color is more clear. 

 Some examples are already famous Whiskey Scoth 

- Glenfiddich 

- Glenlivet 

- Jhony Walker 

- Ballantine's 

- Dewar's 

- Maccalan 

- Passport 

- Mac Gregor 

- King George